Political Science for Australian Indigenous Cultural Heritage

Question: Are the recent nuclear and missile tests in North Korea and the US response, best understood as a realist framework, a constructivist framework, or a combination of both? Explain. Answer: Constructivist framework implemented by the US is through dialogue where the presidents of the involved nations agree to discuss under proper conditions. The discussions are aimed at reducing the threats of missile tests to other nations. North Korea ambitions have led to use of nuclear experts in developing highly advanced nuclear weapons. Realist and useful frameworks are aimed at ensuring that there is proper national progress considering the other nations. Realist framework is where the national interests are considered when developing strategies for international relations. The constructive framework focuses mainly on the harmful effects of a particular action implemented by a nation. The recent nuclear and missile tests in North Korea and the US response is a useful framework as it considers the global wellbeing more than the national interests (Sanger, 2017). The missile tests pose a threat to different nations as they can be direct to any part of the world making North Korea very powerful due to their weapon superiority. It is vital for nations to reduce the implementation of weapon superiority for global peace. Realistic evaluation requires the decision makers to perform an analysis of necessary data in coming with a decision which will maximize the performance of a nation. Social and economic impacts of a deci sion require being accessed in developing strategies that will affect the long-term performance of a country (Probst Michael, 2014). The procedures are needed to be effective in maximizing international relations through a proper approach of national operations. The North Korea is required to develop a strategy that considers the safety of other nations for the achievement of set long-term goals of production. The nuclear tests performed by North Korea reduce the international relations with other countries due to the danger imposed by the weapons. In the realistic framework, the military is considered as the most critical unit of the nation due to its ability to keep order and peace in a nation. The constructive approach of dealing with nuclear weapons aims at emphasizing on social interests rather than the economic impact of the project (Narang, 2015). The nuclear weapons have a negative effect on social progress requiring the North Korea missiles to be controlled for an insight of social development. Racism in 'the West' today is a legacy of imperialism. Discuss with reference to contemporary race relations in one western country. Racism is on the rise especially in Europe where people are discriminated due to their race. Russia is one of the countries in Europe where racism is on the rise due to discrimination especially for the black people (FIDH, 2017). The legacy of imperialism in racisms is where some countries have a view of being more powerful than others due to race. GDP of states is used in making some countries in the west act superior to others due to their economic stability. The high rate of racism in Russia has led to individuals from different races to engage in the operations of the nation. It is essential for the government to evaluate the legacy of racism which negatively affects the economic and social progress of a country. Russia is a nation which is widely known of discriminating individual due to their race, especially in public places. This discrimination reduces the self-esteem levels of an individual as one is made look inferior to others. Racism victim is unable to achieve potential from production due to the destructions caused due to race. The government is required to come up with strategies which are aimed at reducing the cases of racisms in the nation for the achievement of set long-term goals (Haltinner, 2014). International relations and trade are negatively affected by the legacy of racism in Russia where people are not willing to engage operations in the country due to increased discrimination cases. Colonialism and slave trade are primary contributors of cases of racisms where some races seemed superior to others (Olusoga, 2017). Even after colonialism and slave trade, there have been cases of racial abuse to the minority group of the society. It is essential to reduce the racisms cases in a nation as it has negative impacts on the individual and national performance. The effects of racisms include; one is the reduction of production level due to reduced self-esteem and motivation. It is essential for employees to have a maximum motivation to achieve the set personal and organizational goals. Racisms make it hard for individuals to reach their potential as it affects their ability to work. Two is mental illness due to racial abuse where one suffers from depression and stress. Continuous mistreatment due to race reduces the psychological and emotional performance which could lead to mental illness. Three is violence caused due to the racial abuse which could lead to injury and de ath thus it is essential to handle the cases of racial abuse in the society (Feagin Bennefield, 2014). Four is reduced international relations where some nations are not willing to engage with a country which is widely known for racial abuse. Lastly, racism leads to diminishing to international trade as investors are reluctant in entering into the business of the nation which leads to reduced economic performance. The government of Russia and the European Union has developed strategies for ensuring that there are reduced cases of racial abuse in the region. In handling racisms in Europe, the nations agreed to International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) where individuals are required to be treated equally regardless of race (FRA, 2017). European Union countries are expected to follow the set policies in handling various issues facing the nations in regards to racial discriminations. Fines and jail terms are used in ensuring that there are reduced racism cases in Russia for the social and economic progress of the country. Russia has developed educational programs which aim at increasing awareness of reduced discrimination for the achievement of set macroeconomic goals of the nation. Preventing racial hatred in a country is essential in providing a reduction of racism cases for continuous social progress. Are critical studies of whiteness an example of: (choose one concept) agonism, political correctness or a politics of mutual liberation? Define your terms carefully and explain. Whiteness theory is aimed at identifying the origin of white people by identifying the social and cultural background of the people. Whiteness studies aim at identifying the beginning of white people as do not possess complexions of other race (Perazzo, 2016). The studies have contributed to racism in universities especially in the USA where the study is prevalent as it is an indication of that white people are more privileged than other races. White people are more dominant in the USA compared to other races where study aims at identifying the cultural beliefs of the people in the earlier days. The whiteness has led to different opinions where some supports and others are against the study of determining the origin of white people. The historical and social aspects are explained in the studies for a systematic identification of race. Agonism is a political theory which identifies the issues involved in politics where some harmful elements have a positive impact on the performance of the society. It is essential in agonism to determine the positive and negative elements in the implementation of a particular policy in ensuring that it achieves an increase in social development. Political awareness requires individuals to acquire required knowledge that will increase the positive aspects of politics for an increase in the social and economic progress of the nation. The politic of mutual liberation requires considering the freedom of all groups involved in the society for a stable performance of an organization (Edwards, 2014). The mutual liberation requires identification of the needs of national stakeholders to satisfy the requirements for increased production. White studies are related to politics of mutual liberation where all races are required to be identified in the study. The research is needed to be controlled in ensuring that there is not teaching of needs of white supremacy and privilege in the community. White studies are necessary to identify the views of affected individuals of the society for a stable performance of in the community. The dominant view of the white community makes the students have different aspects of the topic. Mutual liberation is necessary for ensuring that the opinions of various stakeholders are identified in a smooth flow of the community (Agger, 2014). Some people are vulnerable from the studies by identifying the white society as privileged in the community. The culture and history of the white people are required to be regulated in ensuring that there is a stable performance in a nation. The history and culture in whiteness studies need to have a mutual obligation. Liberation requires considerations of the needs of various people in the community in developing policies that will positively impact the performance of the country (Kinni, 2015). The white studies have the negative and positive impact on the students requiring the system to implement policies to ensure mutual benefits to all benefits. Equality in the political system is achieved through politics of mutual liberation where the needs of different individuals are identified and satisfied. The performance is based on the policies implemented in the nation for the achievement of set social and economic goals. People are required to be equally treated regardless of their cultural or political beliefs. The use proper political ideologies and democracy make it possible for the community to work together in achieving a sustainable performance of the nation (Ball, Richard, ONeill, 2016). White studies are required to be liberated to offer proper impression to the students to reduce discriminative laws. Politics of mutual liberation provides decision-making process that improves the attitude of people in the nation. What does it mean to describe contemporary Australian as having a postcolonial character? Discuss concerning Indigenous-settler relations The Australian indigenous-settle relations are the individuals who were first in the nation which culture and beliefs are followed by most population. Australian indigenous was in the region before the European colonization which is mainly the Australia - Torres Strait Islanders and Aboriginal people (Australianstogether.org, 2017). There are different languages which are spoken in Australia requiring the community to come up with policies that will handle the changes in the nation. The indigenous people in the region are expected to be dark and have exceptional athletic skills that live in villages (Australianstogether.org, 2017). The postcolonial character of the indigenous people of Australia to reduces their cultural and religious beliefs of the people. It is essential for an individual to consider the cultural views of the community for a stable performance of the community. Colonialism affected the cultural and religious beliefs of people in Australia where people followed the new standards set by the colonial government. Cultural practice is essential in maintaining the entity of particular people in the population for a stable performance of the nation. The Australian indigenous population comprises of 3% of the Australian population (Australianstogether.org, 2017). The community has reduced the practice of earlier cultural beliefs and practices to adapt to the changing times after colonialism. The indigenous culture of people in Australia is the oldest in the world as it started 500,000 to 65,000 years ago (Australia.gov, 2017). Protecting cultural materials is vital in spreading the culture to different generations of the community. Sustainability in production is achieved through the analysis of different cultural beliefs of individuals in the country to handle various issues facing communities. The need of communities is changed in regards to their cultural beliefs requiring a proper evaluation of culture to develop policies that will ensure a continuous development of a country (Garling, Janet Hunt, Will, 2013). The sacred placed and objects of Australian indigenous communities are preserved in providing that there is a sustainable cultural practice despite the changing times. The cultivation of land by indigenous communities of Australia was different to the cultivation of the white people. Colonialism negatively impacted the success of the culture as some individual undertook practices of the colonialists in their daily tasks (Coates Hetherington, 2016). National parks and museums are used in preserving the culture of Australia indigenous communities. The preservation of culture ensures that there is an improvement of knowledge about the individuals who were first in the nation. Postcolonial led to many Australian practicing the English culture which was imposed on them by the colonials. The national identity was affected by colonials as most people engage in activities related to those of colonials for a sustainable performance of the nation after colonialism. The practice led to the reduction in the use of required culture to the society where the strength of indigenous communities of Australia was reduced by the English culture (Christie Verran, 2013). The complexity of Australia indigenous communities culture led to many people preferring to implement the English culture in production. The identity of the nation was negatively affected as it emerged to work as directed by the colonials. The policies implemented in colonialisms were followed leading to the lost identity of the culture and history of indigenous communities. Modern Australian performance uses colonial practices requiring the people to consider the indigenous communities cultures in social progress of the nation through culture preservation. Bibliography Agger, B. (2014). Cultural studies as critical theory. Routledge. Australia.gov. (2017). Australian Indigenous cultural heritage. Retrieved 10 20, 2017, from Australian Government,: https://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-indigenous-cultural-heritage Australianstogether.org. (2017). Discover Stories. 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